An elastic net model described the relationship between GA and immunome (R=0.85, p=8.75e-14), and unsupervised clustering highlighted previously unrecognized GA-dependent immune dynamics, including decreasing basal MAP-kinase/NFκB signaling in antigen presenting cells increasing responsiveness of cytotoxic lymphocytes to interferon-α and decreasing frequency of regulatory and invariant T cells, including NKT-like cells and CD8 +CD161 + T cells. A mass cytometry immunoassay interrogated all major immune cell subsets, including signaling activity and responsiveness to stimulation. We provide a comprehensive single-cell depiction of the neonatal immune system at birth across the spectrum of viable gestational age (GA), ranging from 25 weeks to term. 5Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesĪlthough most causes of death and morbidity in premature infants are related to immune maladaptation, the premature immune system remains poorly understood. 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.3Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.2Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States. 1Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States. Angst 2†, Nima Aghaeepour 1,2,5†, David K. Tsai 2, Xiaoyuan Han 2, Megan Ringle 1, Pearl Houghteling 1, Jonathan D. Stelzer 2, Dorien Feyaerts 2, Eliza Harbert 1, Yamini Adusumelli 1, Kazuo Ando 2, Eileen S.
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